Why Understanding Cataract Surgery Matters
If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with cataract, one of the first questions that comes up is:
“What type of cataract surgery will I need?”
Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed and safest eye surgeries worldwide, including in India. Yet, many patients feel confused by medical terms like phaco, laser surgery, or IOL lenses.
This guide explains all types of cataract surgery in simple language, so you can make informed, confident decisions—without fear or confusion.
What Is a Cataract?
A cataract happens when the natural lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to blurry or dim vision.
Common symptoms include:
- Blurred or foggy vision
- Difficulty seeing at night
- Glare or halos around lights
- Frequent change in glasses number
- Faded or yellowish colors
👉 Cataracts do not go away with medicines or eye drops. Surgery is the only effective treatment.
What Is Cataract Surgery?
Cataract surgery involves:
- Removing the cloudy natural lens
- Replacing it with a clear artificial lens (called an IOL – Intraocular Lens)
The surgery is:
- Painless
- Usually completed in 10–20 minutes
- Done under local anesthesia
- Mostly a day-care procedure
Types of Cataract Surgery Explained
There are three main types of cataract surgery commonly practiced today. The best option depends on your eye condition, lifestyle, and surgeon’s recommendation.
1. Phacoemulsification (Phaco Surgery)
The most common and trusted cataract surgery worldwide
What is Phaco Surgery?
Phacoemulsification uses ultrasound waves to break the cloudy lens into tiny pieces, which are then removed through a very small cut.
Key features:
- Very small incision (2–3 mm)
- No stitches in most cases
- Faster recovery
- Minimal discomfort
Who is it suitable for?
- Early to moderately advanced cataracts
- Most patients with age-related cataract
- People looking for quick visual recovery
Advantages:
- Safe and proven technique
- Short surgery time
- Rapid return to daily activities
👉 Phaco surgery is the gold standard of cataract treatment today.
2. Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery (Femtosecond Laser)
Advanced technology-assisted cataract surgery
What is Laser Cataract Surgery?
In this method, a computer-guided laser performs some steps of the surgery, such as:
- Creating precise incisions
- Softening the cataract
- Making opening in the lens capsule
The surgeon then completes the surgery by removing the lens and placing the IOL.
How is it different from Phaco?
- Uses laser instead of manual blades for certain steps
- Offers higher precision in selected cases
Who may benefit?
- Patients with high astigmatism
- Those opting for premium lenses
- Certain complex eye conditions
Things to know:
- Not necessary for everyone
- Slightly more expensive
- Visual outcomes are similar to Phaco in most routine cases
👉 Laser surgery is an option, not a requirement.
3. Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery (MSICS)
A reliable option for mature or advanced cataracts
What is MSICS?
In MSICS, the cataract is removed through a slightly larger incision, without using ultrasound or laser.
When is it recommended?
- Very hard or mature cataracts
- Limited access to advanced technology
- Certain rural or outreach settings
Benefits:
- Cost-effective
- Safe in experienced hands
- Useful for advanced cataracts
Limitations:
- Longer healing time
- Usually requires stitches
- Slightly higher induced astigmatism
👉 Still widely used in India with excellent results when done by skilled surgeons.
Types of Intraocular Lenses (IOLs) – A Key Decision
Cataract surgery is not just about removing the cataract—it’s also about choosing the right lens.
Common IOL options include:
1. Monofocal Lens
- Clear vision at one distance (usually far)
- Glasses needed for reading
2. Multifocal Lens
- Vision for distance and near
- Reduces dependence on glasses
- May cause glare in some patients
3. Toric Lens
- Corrects astigmatism
- Provides sharper vision
4. Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) Lens
- Balanced vision for intermediate and distance
- Fewer visual disturbances
👉 Lens choice depends on your eye health, lifestyle, and expectations.
Which Type of Cataract Surgery Is Best for You?
There is no single “best” surgery for everyone.
Your ophthalmologist considers:
- Stage of cataract
- Corneal health
- Other eye conditions (diabetes, glaucoma, retina issues)
- Daily visual needs
- Budget and expectations
👉 A detailed eye evaluation is essential before deciding.
Common Patient Concerns (Addressed Early)
Is cataract surgery painful?
No. It is done under local anesthesia. Most patients feel only mild pressure.
How long does recovery take?
- Vision improves within a few days
- Complete healing usually takes 3–4 weeks
Is cataract surgery safe for elderly patients?
Yes. Age alone is not a limitation.
Can cataract come back?
No. Once removed, cataract does not return.
(Some patients may develop posterior capsule opacification, which is easily treatable with laser.)
Prevention: Can Cataracts Be Avoided?
Cataracts are often age-related, but you can slow progression by:
- Wearing UV-protective sunglasses
- Managing diabetes well
- Avoiding smoking
- Regular eye check-ups after age 40
1. What are the different types of cataract surgery?
Phacoemulsification, laser-assisted cataract surgery, and manual small incision cataract surgery.
2. Which cataract surgery is safest?
Phacoemulsification is considered the safest and most commonly performed worldwide.
3. Is laser cataract surgery better than normal surgery?
Laser surgery offers precision in selected cases but is not necessary for everyone.
4. How long does cataract surgery take?
Usually 10–20 minutes per eye.
5. Do I need glasses after cataract surgery?
Depends on the type of lens implanted.
6. Is cataract surgery covered by insurance in India?
Most health insurance policies cover standard cataract surgery.
📞 Final Thoughts: Making the Right Choice
Cataract surgery today is safe, precise, and life-changing. Understanding the types of surgery helps you:
Reduce fear
Ask the right questions
Choose wisely
The best outcomes come from personalized advice, not one-size-fits-all decisions.
📍 Insight Eye Clinic, Pimpri Chinchwad (PCMC)
📞 +91 9028050288
🕒 Mon–Sat: 10am–1:30pm, 5:30pm–8:30pm
